What is the working principle of hydraulic gear pump? Please come here!

hydraulic gear pump catalogue

The working principle of hydraulic gear pump contains the subtle art of energy conversion, in the gear meshing and separation between the completion of the mechanical energy to hydraulic energy from the magnificent metamorphosis. This article is a hydraulic gear pump catalogue, aims to provide you with a detailed introduction to the core principle of hydraulic gear pump work and energy conversion mechanism.

1. Structural characteristics and basic working principle

Hydraulic gear pump consists of a pair of mutual meshing gears, precision matching pump body and end cover constitute a closed cavity. When the active gear is rotated by the motor drive, the displacement of the meshing teeth changes to form a dynamic working chamber:

Oil suction process: the volume between the teeth increases when the gears disengage and mesh, forming a vacuum negative pressure area, and the oil is sucked in from the inlet.

Oil discharge process: the volume between the teeth compresses when the gears enter into mesh, and the oil is extruded and transported to the outlet.

Continuous transmission: the gears rotate every week to complete two complete suction and discharge cycle, forming a continuous oil transportation.

The process follows the core law of positive displacement pumps: the output flow rate per unit time is proportional to the rotational speed and has nothing to do with the system pressure. Measured data show that a certain type of external gear pump in 1500r/min speed can be stabilized output 16L/min flow.

2. Critical path of energy conversion

(1) Mechanical energy input stage

The motor torque overcomes the frictional resistance moment of the gear pair (about 15% of the total input work) and is converted into gear rotational kinetic energy. Experiments show that the use of silicon nitride ceramic bearings can reduce mechanical losses by 22%.

(2) Hydraulic energy generation stage

Rotational kinetic energy is converted into fluid kinetic energy and pressure energy through volume change. Ideal energy conversion efficiency of up to 85%, the actual phenomenon of trapped oil, leakage and other factors, the typical industrial pump efficiency of about 75% -82%.

(3) The main cause of energy loss

Volume loss (12-18%): radial clearance leakage (about 8μm when the leakage amount reaches 4% of the total flow)

Mechanical loss (10-15%): bearing friction and gear oil churning loss

Hydraulic loss (5-8%): oil viscous friction and local eddy current

3. Technical characteristics

The technical characteristics of hydraulic gear pumps show two distinct sides:

(1) Advantages

Self-priming ability: no need for auxiliary pumps to generate suction

Good anti-pollution: relatively low requirements for oil cleanliness

Simple structure: fewer parts, easy to maintain

(2) Limitations

Pulsating flow: gear meshing produces periodic flow fluctuations

Pressure limitations: radial force imbalance limits the working pressure (usually ≤ 25MPa)

Noise problem: meshing impact produces characteristic vibration noise.

The nature of the energy conversion of hydraulic gear pumps is the dynamic balance of mechanical energy and hydraulic energy process. With the advancement of materials science and digital simulation technology, a new generation of gear pumps are breaking through the efficiency bottleneck, and its volumetric efficiency continues to improve.

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